Fleas are small, wingless insects that are external parasites. They live by consuming the blood of their hosts, which can be mammals or birds. Fleas go through a complete life cycle including egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages.

Fleas are attracted to their hosts by detecting body heat, vibrations, and carbon dioxide emitted from their potential hosts. They can jump impressive distances relative to their size to reach their host and begin feeding.

Yes, fleas can transmit several diseases to both humans and pets. Some of the diseases include the plague (caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis), murine typhus, and tapeworms. These diseases can be serious and require medical attention.

Preventing and controlling flea infestations involves a combination of approaches. Regular grooming and bathing of pets, using flea treatments and preventatives, vacuuming carpets and upholstery frequently, and washing pet bedding are all effective methods. It's also important to treat the home environment and, if necessary, consult a pest control professional.

Fleas are difficult to eliminate because they have a resilient life cycle and can reproduce rapidly. The eggs and larvae can hide in carpets, bedding, and cracks in floors, making them hard to reach with conventional treatments. Additionally, adult fleas can survive for several months without feeding, making it challenging to eradicate them completely without thorough and persistent efforts.